FIRST TASK PART1

OUR FIRST TASK FOR BASIC GRAPHIC DESIGN WAS TO COMPILE THE WHOLE HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN INTO A TIMELINE. WE WERE TO DO THIS IN A GROUP AND MY AWESOME MEMBERS WERE NOOR WARDAH AND PAULINE. THEY BOTH WERE EXTREMELY COOPERATIVE.

30000-7000 BC

There are hundreds of graphic designs of animals by the primitive people in the Chauvet Cave, in the south of France,which were drawn more than 30,000 B.C. The image of "Spotted Horses" ; painted by woman artists inside France's Pech Merle cave dated 23,000 BC, as well as similar designs in the Lascaux cave of France that were drawn more than 14,000 B.C. , the Altamira cave paintings of a bison is between 9000 to 17000 BC, the designs of the primitive hunters in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in India were drawn more than 7,000 B.C.

3600 BC
The Blau Monument, the oldest artifact known to combine words and pictures.

1276
Printing arrives in Europe with a paper mill in Fabriano, Italy.

1045 AD
Pi Sheng invents movable type, allowing for characters to be individually placed for printing

105 AD
Chinese government official Ts’ai Lun credited with inventing paper.

1 Jan 1440

Gutenberg's Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg completed his wooden press which used movable metal type.*This invention was based on the wine press.

1450
Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenburg credited with perfecting the system for printing type in books.

30 Sep 1452

42 Line Bible

The Gutenberg Bible was the first major book printed in the West using movable type. It marked the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the age of the printed book in the West.

1460
Albrecht Pfister the first to add illustrations to a printed book.

 

1470
Nicolas Jenson, considered one of history’s greatest typeface designers, sets news standard for Roman type.

12 Jun 1493

Nuremberg Chronicle

The Nuremberg Chronicle* written in Latin. Depicts the history of the world with over 1800 beautiful woodcut illustrations, some hand coloured*an estimated 1100 copies of this book survive today

1530
Claude Garamond opens first type foundry, developing and selling fonts to printers.

1722
First Caslon Old Style font developed, later used for the printing of the Declaration of Independence.

1 Jan 1757

Baskerville

* The Baskerville typeface is the result of John Baskerville's intent to improve upon the types of William Caslon. *Increased the contrast between thick and thin strokes, making the serifs sharper. Severely criticised due to the thinness of the strokes. Critics maintained that his type "hurt the eye" and would be "responsible for blinding the nation".

1 Jan 1760

Fournier

* Pierre Simon Fournier  was  type founder, punch cutter, type designer.

12 Oct 1760

Hokusai

* Katsushika Hokusai was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e(a school of Japanese art depicting subjects from everyday life, dominant in the 17th–19th centuries.) painter and printmaker of the Edo period. * Japan's leading expert on Chinese painting.

1796
Author Aloys Senefelder develops lithography(the process of printing from a flat surface treated so as to repel the ink except where it is required for printing.).

1 Jan 1798

Bodoni

*Giambattista Bodoni was the fourth son of a master printer. He did away with old-style letters and introduced a new clear simple

type - the Modern typeface- was characterised by a severe simplicity.

1800

Lord Stanhope invents first printing press made of all cast-iron parts, requiring 1/10 the manual labor and doubling the possible paper size.

1 Jan 1810

Brothers Grimm

* Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm best known for publishing collections of folk tales and fairy tales*In 1812 the Grimm brothers published their first volume of fairy tales, Tales of Children and the Home.

   

1816
First sans-serif font makes a subtle entrance as one line of a book.

8 Feb 1819

John Ruskin

John Ruskin was an English art critic and social thinker*His essays on art and architecture were extremely influential.

9 Apr 1830

Muybridge

The First Motion Picture*Eadweard J. Muybridge was an English photographer*known for his work on animal locomotion, with use of multiple cameras to capture motion, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures * At the Chicago 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, Muybridge used his zoopraxiscope to show his moving pictures to a paying public in the very first commercial movie theater.

24 Mar 1834

William Morris

* William Morris  was an English textile designer, artist, writer, and socialist. In 1861, Morris founded a design firm which profoundly influenced the decoration of churches and houses into the early 20th century.

  

31 May 1836

Jules Cheret

*  Jules Chéret  was a French painter and lithographer *  He has been called the father of the modern poster. * The women of Chéret's posters were joyous, elegant and lively free-spirited females. He was also called  the father of  women's liberation.

9 Jan 1839

Daguerrotype

* A daguerreotype (original French: daguerréotype) was the first large scale commercial photographic process.*It was developed by Louis Daguerre and Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. Niepce had produced the first photographic image in the camera obscura *  August 19, 1839, the French government announced the invention as a gift “Free to the World.”

1 Jan 1846

Caldecott

* Randolph Caldecott transformed the world of children's books in the Victorian era.* Two books illustrated by him,which came out each Christmas for eight years.

 

1 Jan 1848

Pre-Raphealites

* a group of English painters, poets, and critics* They believed that the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art. * have genuine ideas to express; study Nature attentively;to sympathise with what is direct and serious and heartfelt. and produce thoroughly good pictures and statues

19 Jun 1856

Elbert Hubbard

* Elbert Green Hubbard was an American writer, publisher, artist, and philosopher. *He was an influence on the Arts and Crafts movement *most famous for his essay A Message to Garcia(The lieutenant was charged with delivering an important message to a Cuban general, and did not abandon his mission in the face of many obstacles.).* founder of the Roycroft Arts and Crafts community which attracted earnest hard working young men and women, pilgrims and admirers from all over the world who made hand-illuminated books, Mission furniture, stained glass, leather goods, and copper utensils

24 Nov 1864

Toulouse Lautrec

* Toulouse-Lautrec captured in his art the Parisian nightlife * the son and heir of Comte Alphonse-Charles de Toulouse and last in line of a family that dated back a thousand years.

1880
Development of halftone screen allows for first photo printed with a full range of tones.

1880 - 1914
Art Nouveau movement begins and changes design, making its way into all types of commercial design and utilizing all types of arts.

1896

Motion Picture

Introduction of motion picture was a huge breakthrough in design industry.

1917
James Montgomery Flagg designs famous “I Want YOU for the U.S. Army” poster. The poster, a self-portrait, was actually an American version of a British poster by Alfred Leete.

1919
The Bauhaus, a German school, is founded, eventually providing the framework for modern design.

1932
Stanley Morison oversees design of Times New Roman font, commissioned by the Times of London.

1940
First issue of Print Magazine printed.

1956
Paul Rand designs IBM logo using City Medium typeface

1957
Max Miedinger designs Neue Haas Grotesk font, later renamed Helvetica.

1969
Douglas Engelbart develops first computer mouse, setting the stage for the future tool of graphic design.

1984
Apple releases first Macintosh computer, featuring bitmap graphics.

1985
Aldus, formed by Paul Brainerd, develops PageMaker software. Brainerd coins the phrase “desktop publishing.” In the same year, New York firm Manhattan Design creates the MTV logo.

1990
Photoshop version one released, and physicist Tim Berners-Lee develops the world wide web, along with HTML and the concept of website addresses

24 Jul 1860

Alphonse Mucha

*  A Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist best known for his distinct style and his images of women. * featured beautiful, robust young women in flowing vaguely Neoclassical looking robes, often surrounded by lush flowers which sometimes formed haloes behind the women's heads. * In contrast with contemporary poster makers he used pale pastel colors

6 Jan 1861

Victor Horta

* Belgian art nouveau architect, decorator and designer* His building "House Tassel" is considered as the first Art Nouveau building.

14 Jul 1862

Gustav Klimt

* Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. * Gustav Klimt is a precursor to Nouveau, and German Expressionism.